常用Git命令
常用技巧
克隆指定分支
How do I clone a single branch in Git?
# clone only the remote primary HEAD (default: origin/master)
git clone <url> --single-branch
# as in:
git clone <url> --branch <branch> --single-branch [<folder>]
查看文件区别
git diff <previous_commit_hash>..<newer_commit_hash> -- {file_path} 用于查看指定文件两个不同commit之间的区别, 比如:
git diff 9a422584b66686b11c20ce330aeb84f47e1c0b9b..e5f766ac6899f191a2fd53c9247f1ee9264886e0 -- src/some_file.js
原文 - Show diff between commits
Try
git diff k73ud^..dj374
to make sure to include all changes of k73ud in the resulting diff.
git diff compares two endpoints (instead of a commit range). Since the OP want to see the changes introduced by k73ud, he/she needs to difference between the first parent commit of k73ud: k73ud^ (or k73ud^1 or k73ud~ ).
That way, the diff results will include changes since k73ud parent (meaning including changes from k73ud itself), instead of changes introduced since k73ud (up to dj374).
Also you can try:
git diff oldCommit..newCommit
git diff k73ud..dj374
and (1 space, not more):
git diff oldCommit newCommit
git diff k73ud dj374
And if you need to get only files names (e.g. to copy hotfix them manually):
git diff k73ud dj374 --name-only
And you can get changes applied to another branch:
git diff k73ud dj374 > my.patch
git apply my.patch
缓存认证数据
git config --global credential.helper cache # 设置credential存储在内存中, 默认是 “900”，也就是 15 分钟
git config --global credential.helper store --file ~/.my-credentials # 设置credential存储在指定文件
配置文件方式, 设置credential存储在内存中, 并设置过期时间:
[credential]
helper = cache --timeout 3600
配置编辑器
使用以下方式指定默认编辑器为 vim:
git config --global core.editor "vim"
export GIT_EDITOR=vim
或者编辑配置文件使用 sublime 作为默认编辑器:
[core]
editor = 'subl' --wait
注意要加上 --wait
其他编辑器配置如下:
| Editor | Config command |
|---|---|
| Atom | git config --global core.editor "atom --wait" |
| emacs | git config --global core.editor "emacs" |
| nano | git config --global core.editor "nano -w" |
| vim | git config --global core.editor "vim" |
| Sublime Text (Mac/Linux) | git config --global core.editor "subl -n -w" |
| Sublime Text (Win, 32-bit install) | git config --global core.editor "'c:/program files (x86)/sublime text 3/sublimetext.exe' -w" |
| Sublime Text (Win, 64-bit install) | git config --global core.editor "'c:/program files/sublime text 3/sublimetext.exe' -w" |
| Textmate | git config --global core.editor "mate -w" |
| Visual Studio Code | git config --global core.editor "code --wait" |
标签
# ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3404936/show-which-git-tag-you-are-on
# 显示当前的标签
git describe --tags
# ref https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35979642/how-to-checkout-remote-git-tag
# 获取所有的tag
git fetch --all --tags --prune
# 切换标签
git checkout tags/<tag_name> -b <branch_name>
# list all tags
git tag
# create tag
git tag -a v1.0 -m "Product release"
# delete tag
git tag -d <tag_name>
删除分支
git branch -d feature/login # 删除本地分支
git push origin --delete feature/login # 删除远程分支
取消 git reset 操作
git reset 'HEAD@{1}'
推送本地分支
将本地的分支推送到远程的新分支上(远程的新分支不存在):
git push origin local_branch_name:remote_branch_name
create a new repository on the command line
echo "# server-deploy" >> README.md
git init
git add README.md
git commit -m "first commit"
git branch -M master
git remote add origin git@github.com:username/project-name.git
git push -u origin master
push an existing repository from the command line
git remote add origin git@github.com:username/project-name.git
git branch -M master
git push -u origin master